【综述与专论】
分子印迹材料在新污染物筛查与识别中的应用
孙大妮1,2，温宇浩2,3，侯铭洋1,2，张悦2，宋乐慧2，李金花*1,2，刘惠涛*1
（1. 烟台大学 化学化工学院，山东 烟台 264005；2. 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 山东省海岸带环境工程技术研究中心 中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室 山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室， 山东 烟台 264003；3. 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 海洋科学与技术学院，山东 威海 264209）
摘要：新污染物具有隐蔽性、持久性、生物累积性等特征，其生态效应和环境健康影响远超传统污染物。新污染物的筛查与识别是研究其环境行为、健康危害及消减控制等的首要前提，而功能材料在筛查识别中发挥着重要作用。其中，具有构效预定性、特异识别性和广泛实用性的分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）备受青睐。针对持久性有机污染物（POPs）和环境内分泌干扰物（EEDs）两大类新污染物，综述了2020年以来MIPs材料在其筛查与识别中的应用研究进展。首先介绍了用于MIPs制备的新技术和新策略，如表面印迹技术、虚拟模板印迹策略。然后重点总结了MIPs在POPs和EEDs筛查与识别中的应用，包括样品前处理、光学和电化学传感分析。最后，对新污染物MIPs的制备和筛查识别应用进行了展望。
关键词： 新污染物；筛查识别；分子印迹；样品前处理；光学传感器；电化学传感器；制备技术；应用中图分类号：O657.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283(2023)—
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0165
Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Screening and Recognition of New Pollutants SUN Da-ni1,2, WEN Yu-hao2,3, HOU Ming-yang1,2, ZHANG Yue2, SONG Le-hui2, LI Jin-hua*1,2, LIU Hui-tao*1 (1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; 3. School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China)
Abstract: New pollutants possess the characteristics of concealment, persistence and bioaccumulation, and their ecological effects and environmental health impacts are far severer than that of traditional pollutants. Screening and recognition of new pollutants is the primary premise for their related studies of environmental behavior, health hazards and reduction control. Functional materials play an important role in the screening and recognition. Among them, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been favored, owing to the structure predictability, specific recognition and wide practicability. Aiming at the two major categories of new pollutants, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), we review recent advances of MIPs materials in screening and recognition of them since 2020. Firstly, several new technologies and strategies for preparing MIPs are introduced such as surface imprinting technology and dummy template imprinting strategy. Secondly, the applications of MIPs in the screening and recognition of POPs and EEDs are summarized emphatically, including sample pretreatment, optical and electrochemical sensing analysis. Finally, the preparation of MIPs and their applications to screen and recognize new pollutants are prospected.
Key words: new pollutants; screening and recognition; molecular imprinting; sample pretreatment; optical sensor; electrochemical sensor; preparation technique; application
引用本文：孙大妮，温宇浩，侯铭洋，等. 分子印迹材料在新污染物筛查与识别中的应用[J]. 化学试剂，2023，45（6）：1-10。
多环芳烃和多氯联苯全球芯样沉积记录研究及现状综述
谭新来1，武英欣1，黄跟平*2，邹红艳*1
(1.天津师范大学，天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室，天津 300387；
2.天津大学 理学院 化学系，天津 300072)
摘要: 存储地质年代信息的芯样例如岩芯、冰芯等是重建有机污染物沉积历史的重要工具之一，已被广泛用于研究全球有机污染物的污染历史趋势以及污染来源。与浓度相比，沉积通量能更好地反映有机污染物的沉积历史和排放情况。因此收集了全球基于芯样研究有机污染物沉积通量的相关数据，总结和分析了有机污染物在世界各地的沉积情况，全面阐述了全球有机污染物的沉积记录、空间分布以及使用芯样时应注意的问题。结果表明，多环芳烃（PAHs）在全球的沉积通量总体符合其在研究区域内的生产、排放历史；多氯联苯（PCBs）的沉积通量出现“双峰”现象；在全球气候变暖的趋势下，冰川融化可能会导致所存储的有机污染物重新释放到环境中。同时，在进行不同国家或地区沉积记录的横向比较时，应注意不同研究所测定的污染物种类、数量以及芯样覆盖年份可能会有所不同。本文通过总结世界各芯样的沉积记录，以期为有机污染物控制和管理提供一定的科学依据。
关键词：多环芳烃；多氯联苯；岩芯；冰芯；沉积通量；历史记录
中图分类号：O657.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0109
Current Research Status on Global Historical Records of PAHs and PCBs Based on Core Studies TAN Xin-lai1, WU Ying-xin1, HUANG Gen-ping*2, ZOU Hong-yan*1 (1 Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2. Department of Chemistry, School of science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)
Abstract：Core samples such as sediment core and ice/firn core that restore geochronological information have been widely used to retrospect the historical records of organic pollutants. Compared with concentrations, deposition flux may better represent the deposition history and emission of organic pollutants. Therein, this paper collects all relevant data of global deposition flux of organic pollutants based on core samples, and comprehensively discusses the deposition records, spatial distribution patterns and issues that should be concerned when using core samples. The results show that the deposition flux of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is generally consistent with their production and emission history in the study area, while for the deposition flux of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the time trend shows a "bimodal" phenomenon. Under the influence of global warming, melting glaciers may lead to the re-release of stored organic pollutants back into the environment. At the same time, when making a horizontal comparison among different countries or regions, it should be noted that the analyzed congener type, numbers and the time period dated in core samples may differ in different studies. This review summarizes the deposition history by means of various core samples in the world, which could provide some scientific basis for the control and management of organic pollutants in the future.
Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyls; sediment core; ice/firn core; deposition flux; historical records
引用本文：谭新来，武英欢，黄跟平，等. 多环芳烃和多氯联苯全球芯样沉积记录研究及现状综述[J]. 化学试剂，2023，45（6）：11-19.
浅析硫化学应用前景
孟娇龙，姜雪峰*
（华东师范大学 化学与分子工程学院 上海市绿色化学与化工过程绿色化重点实验室，上海 200062）
摘要：硫元素，是近代化学工业和现代化学工业紧密相关的最重要元素之一。生命体内，硫元素主要以含硫巯基的氨基酸和多肽的形式存在，是蛋白质和其他生物分子的重要组成部分，因此广泛应用于医药、食品和精细化工等领域；化工生产中，硫元素广泛用于橡胶、纸浆、玻璃、石油加工和金属提取等领域，含硫化合物在石油、煤炭等化石燃料的加工过程中具有重要作用；能源领域，硫参与了生物质能源、光催化水分解等能源领域的研究，如硫掺杂碳材料被广泛用于锂离子电池、超级电容器、传感器等领域。硫元素和含硫化合物在人类社会的发展中具有广泛应用性，对社会经济产生了深远的影响。
关键词：硫；医药中间体；精细化学品；含硫材料；锂硫电池
中图分类号：O62 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0277
Brief Analysis on the Application Prospect of Sulfur Chemistry MENG Jiao-long, JIANG Xue-feng*
(School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Progress, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062，China)
Abstract: Sulfur is among the most vital elements closely associated with the modern chemical industry. Within living organisms, sulfur mainly exists in the form of amino acids and peptides containing thiol groups, serving as integral constituents of proteins and other biomolecules. Therefore, they have far-reaching applications in fields such as pharmaceuticals, food science, and fine chemicals. Sulfur is widely used in chemical production in areas such as rubber, pulp and paper, glass, petroleum refining, and metal extraction. Sulfur-containing compounds also play a significant role in the processing of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. In the field of energy, sulfur is involved in research regarding biomass energy and photocatalytic water splitting, with sulfur-doped carbon materials widely employed in applications ranging from lithium-ion batteries to supercapacitors and sensors. Sulfur and its compounds have found extensive applications in various aspects of human society, exerting significant and far-reaching influences on the economy and social development.
Keywords: sulfur; pharmaceutical intermediates; fine chemicals; sulfur-containing materials; lithium-sulfur battery
引用本文：孟娇龙，姜雪峰. 浅析硫化学应用前景[J]. 化学试剂，2023，45（6）：20-25.
【生化与药用试剂】
王登辉1，李欣怡1，程国良2，叶楚璇1，李冰2,3，关永霞2，王义忠*2，严诗楷3，肖雪*1
（1.广东药科大学 中医药研究院，广东 广州 510006；2.鲁南制药集团股份有限公司，山东 临沂 276000；3.上海交通大学 药学院，上海 200240）
摘要：中药糖类上市药物常用于恶性肿瘤、神经系统、泌尿系统、免疫系统等疾病的治疗或辅助治疗。研究表明中药糖类上市药物主要通过调节细胞因子、免疫系统、肠道菌群等途径达到抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎、调节血糖、增强免疫等作用。现阶段糖类药物的研究越来越多，通过归纳梳理中药糖类上市药物在临床应用、基础研究及质量控制等方面的研究现状，为中药糖类上市药物的研究与开发利用提供了参考。
关键词：糖类；中药；临床应用；基础研究；质量控制
中图分类号：R932 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283(2023)—
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0081
Research Progress in Carbohydrate Drugs from Traditional Chinese Medicine WANG Deng-hui1, LI Xin-yi1, CHENG Guo-liang2, YE Chu-xuan1, LI Bing2,3, GUAN Yong-xia2, WANG Yi-zhong*2, YAN Shi-kai3, XIAO Xue*1（1.Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; 2.Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China; 3.School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China）
Abstract: Carbohydrate drugs from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM carbohydrate drugs) are often used in the treatment or adjuvant treatment of malignant tumors, nervous, urinary, and immune system related diseases. Studies have shown that TCM carbohydrate drugs can achieve anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, blood sugar regulation and immune enhancement through regulating cytokines, immune system, intestinal flora and other pathways. At present, there are increasing interests in carbohydrate drugs research. In this review, the research status of TCM carbohydrate marketed drugs in clinical application was summarized, basic research and quality control providing a reference for the research, development and utilization of carbohydrate drugs.
Key words: carbohydrate; traditional Chinese medicine; clinical application; basic research; quality control
引用本文：王登辉，李欣怡，李冰，等. 中药糖类上市药物研究进展[J].化学试剂, 2023, 45(6):26-34.
RNA切割型脱氧核酶功能化纳米材料荧光生物传感研究进展
张宏艳，张瑞中*，张立兵*
（天津大学 理学院 化学系 天津 300072）
摘要：脱氧核酶是通过体外筛选得到的一种具有酶活性的功能核酸。其中，具有RNA切割功能的脱氧核酶由于具有特异性强、可编程性高及易于合成修饰的特性，已在生物传感领域得到了广泛的发展，但易受核酸酶降解、胞内传输效率低等问题限制了其在体内的应用。纳米材料尺寸小、比表面积大及生物相容性好，在生物领域展现出了出色的应用前景，RNA切割型脱氧核酶与纳米材料的结合为解决上述问题提供了新思路。综述了基于RNA切割型脱氧核酶功能化纳米材料的荧光生物传感的研究进展，首先介绍了RNA切割型脱氧核酶功能化纳米材料的常见功能化策略，随后详细讨论了基于RNA切割型脱氧核酶功能化纳米材料的荧光传感器在体内和体外检测重要生物分子的最新应用，最后就此类传感器的开发所面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望。
关键词：RNA切割型脱氧核酶；纳米材料；生物传感；荧光传感
中图分类号：O657.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0108
Research Progress in Fluorescence Biosensing of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme Functionalized Nanomaterials Zhang Hong-yan, Zhang Rui-zhong*, Zhang Li-bing* (Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
Key words：RNA-cleaving DNAzyme; nanomaterials; biosensing; fluorescence sensing
引用本文：张宏艳，张瑞中，张立兵. RNA切割型脱氧核酶功能化纳米材料荧光生物传感研究进展[J]. 化学试剂，2023，45（6）：35-43.
桫椤的化学成分及药理活性研究进展
王文沛1，张昊祯1，Ishaq Muhammad1,3，徐宇1,4，吴嘉佳1，罗巍1，李莎莎*2,3，肖雪3,4，严诗楷1,4，金慧子*1
（1. 上海交通大学 药学院，上海 200000；2. 国家药品监督管理局 药品快速检验技术重点实验室（广东省药品检验所），广东 广州 510663；3. 广州中医药大学第二附属医院，广东 广州 510006；4. 广东药科大学中医药研究院，广东 广州 510006）
摘要：桫椤（Alsophila spinulosa）是一种木本蕨类植物，是我国重要的药食同源品种。其主要成分有黄酮、甾体、三萜类化合物、苯丙素类、芳香族、有机酸、脑苷脂类、脂肪烃等。通过对桫椤提取物及其活性成分的药理作用进行总结，发现其具有抗菌、镇痛、抗氧化、祛痰止咳、免疫调节、抗肿瘤以及抗阿尔兹海默等生物活性。基于近年来公开发表的文献，对桫椤的化学成分、主要药理作用进行综合分析，并对临床应用现状进行整理和总结，旨在为桫椤的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。
关键词：桫椤；化学成分；抗菌；镇痛；抗氧化；祛痰止咳；抗肿瘤；免疫调节
中图分类号：TB34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0006
Research Progress on Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Alsophila Spinulosa WANG Wen-pei1, ZHANG Hao-zhen1, ISHAQ Muhammad1,3, XU Yu1,4, WU Jia-jia1, LUO Wei1, LI Sha-sha*2,3, XIAO Xue3,4, YAN Shi-kai1,4, JIN Hui-zi*1 (1. School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 2. NMPA Key Laboratory for Rapid Testing Technology of Drugs, Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510663, China; 3. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; 4. Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China)
Abstract: Alsophila spinulosa is a kind of woody fern. It is an important medicinal and edible homologous species in China. Its main components are flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, aromatic, organic acids, cerebral glycosides, aliphatic hydrocarbons and so on. By summarizing the pharmacological effects of Alsophila spinulosa extract and its active components, it was found that it has biological activities such as antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidation, expectorant and cough relieving, immune regulation, anti-tumor and anti-Alzheimer. Based on the published literatures in recent years, the chemical components and main pharmacological effects of Alsophila spinulosa were comprehensively analyzed, and the current situation of clinical application was sorted out and summarized, aiming to provide reference for the in-depth research, development and utilization of Alsophila spinulosa.
Key words: Alsophila spinulosa; chemical components; antibacterial; analgesia;antioxidant;expectorant and cough relief;antitumor,immune regulation
引用本文：王文沛, 张昊祯, Ishaq Muhammad, 等. 桫椤的化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J]. 化学试剂, 2023，45（6）：44-51.
【功能材料】
钞静静，王文新，王之卿，李春艳*
（湘潭大学 化学学院，湖南 湘潭 411105）
摘要：小分子荧光探针具有灵敏度高，生物相容性好，样品损伤小等优点，在疾病相关的生物分子检测领域显示出巨大潜力。但是，大部分的荧光探针发射波长短，斯托克斯位移较小，限制了其在生物成像中的应用。近年来，越来越多具有较长波长的近红外荧光探针被开发出来，用于疾病相关的生物分子的成像检测。对不同结构的荧光探针进行分类讨论,系统介绍了以花菁、半花菁、氧杂蒽和氟硼吡咯染料为荧光团的近红外探针的研究进展,简要概述近红外小分子荧光探针在对生物分子识别过程中的作用原理和生物成像领域的应用，这对荧光探针的性能提升和未来发展提出新的研究思路。
关键词：小分子探针；近红外荧光成像；花菁；半花菁；氧杂蒽；氟硼吡咯；生物成像
中图分类号：Q657 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283(2023)--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2022.0893
Recent Progress in Near-infrared Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging CHAO Jing-jing, WANG Wen-xin, WANG Zhi-qing, LI Chun-yan* (College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China)
Abstract: Small-molecule fluorescent probes show great potential in the detection of disease-related biomolecules as a result of its excellent sensitivity, good biocompatibility, and noninvasive nature. However, most of them have short emission wavelengths and small Stokes shift, which limit their application in biological imaging. Many near-infrared fluorescent probes with long emission wavelengths have been rapidly developed in recent years, and they are applied to image disease-related biomolecules. In this paper, fluorescence probes with different structures were discussed, and near-infrared probes were classified into four types: cyanine, hemicyanine, xanthene and fluoroboron pyrrole. The reaction mechanisms and applications in the field of bioimaging were introduced in detail, and this review would be helpful in designing and developing ideal fluorescent probes for the detection of disease-related biomolecules.
Key words: small-molecule probe; near-infrared fluorescence imaging; cyanine; hemicyanine; xanthene; fluoroboron pyrrole; bioimaging
引用本文：钞静静，王文新，王之卿，等.用于生物成像的近红外小分子荧光探针的研究进展[J].化学试剂，2023, 45（6）：52-60.
纳米纤维素基水凝胶的制备及其在传感器中的应用进展
丁梓译，金浩天，马晓帆，蒋少华*，段改改*
(南京林业大学 材料科学与工程学院，南京 210037)
摘要：随着国家“双碳”战略的提出，可持续、可再生的原材料正在受到广泛的关注。作为地球上分布广泛的天然资源，纳米纤维素具有可再生、可生物降解、较好的热稳定性等特性。纳米纤维素表面富含的羟基使其成为制备水凝胶的理想材料。本文重点介绍了几种热门的纳米纤维素基水凝胶的制备方法，及其在传感器中的应用。研究表明，目前纳米纤维素基水凝胶的制备已存在相对环境友好的生产方法，纳米纤维素基水凝胶的传感性能在力学性能、灵敏度、稳定性、回收率等方面表现出优于通过常规传统材料制备的传感器，在解决成本问题后具有广阔的使用前景。
关键词：纳米纤维素；水凝胶；交联；传感；制备
中图分类号：TB34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0058
Recent Progress of Nanocellulose Hydrogels and Their Application in Sensors DING Zi-yi, JIN Hao-tian, MA Xiao-fan, JIANG Shao-hua, DUAN Gai-gai (College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China)
Abstract：With the development of the national "dual carbon" strategy, sustainable and renewable raw materials are receiving widespread attention. As a naturally and widely distributed resource on the earth, nanocellulose has the advantages of renewability, biodegradability, and good thermal stability. The rich hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose make it an ideal material for preparing hydrogels. In this review, the preparation strategies of several popular nanocellulose-based hydrogels and applications in sensors was focused. Present investigations indicated that nanocellulose-based hydrogels can be prepared with a relatively environmentally friendly way, and have better sensing properties in terms of mechanical properties, sensitivity, stability, and recovery than those traditional materials-based sensors. After solving the cost issues, the nanocellulose-based sensors will possess broad application prospects in the future.
Key words：nanocellulose; hydrogel; crosslinking; sensor; preparation
引用本文：丁梓译，金浩天，马晓帆，等. 纳米纤维素基水凝胶的制备及其在传感器中的应用进展[J].化学试剂，45（6）：61-68.
【电化学和新能源】
碳纳米管原生手性电化学传感器应用研究进展
旷文祝1，杨洋2，罗红霞1，朱志伟*2
（1.中国人民大学 理学院化学系，北京 100872；2.北京大学 化学与分子工程学院，北京 100871）
摘要：手性是自然界中广泛存在的现象。通常情况下，对映异构体在生物体内有着不尽相同、甚至完全相反的代谢、毒理及药理学特性。因此，研究简单高效、快速灵敏的手性识别方法，在分析化学、生物医学、药学等领域都有着非常重要的意义。然而，对映异构体有着几乎完全相同的理化性质，这导致它们的选择性识别异常困难。近年来，由于碳纳米管（CNTs）独特的原生手性，使其在对映异构体的识别中展现出卓越性质，为手性电化学传感器的研究开拓了新路径。目前利用CNTs原生手性作为识别材料的电化学传感器的综述未见报道。详细总结了近十年来CNTs原生手性电化学传感器的研究进展，包括其构建方法、识别机理以及相关应用。最后，讨论了该领域现存的挑战，展望了其未来的发展前景。
关键词：手性；手性识别；电化学传感；碳纳米管；原生手性
中图分类号：O657.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283(2023)—
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0068
Research Progress in Electrochemical Sensors Application of Inherent Chirality of Carbon Nanotubes KUANG Wen-zhu1, YANG Yang2, LUO Hong-xia1, ZHU Zhi-wei*2 (1.Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; 2.College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract: Chirality is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Enantiomers basically exhibit different or even entirely opposite metabolic, toxicological and pharmacological properties in organisms, and therefore the development of simple, rapid and effective methods for chirality recognition is significant in the fields of analytical chemistry, biomedicines, pharmaceutics, and so on. However, enantiomers have almost identical physical and chemical properties, which make their selective discrimination extremely difficult. Owing to the unique “inherent chirality” of carbon nanotubes, they have been shown excellent properties in enantiomers discrimination, paving a new way for the research of chiral electrochemical sensors. However, there are no reviews focused on this point. In this review, the research progress on inherent chirality of CNTs-based electrochemical sensors in the past ten years was summarized in detail, including their construction methods, recognition mechanism and related applications. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this field were as well discussed.
Key words: chirality; chiral recognition; electrochemical sensing; carbon nanotubes; inherent chirality
引用本文：旷文祝，杨洋，罗红霞，等. 碳纳米管原生手性电化学传感器应用研究进展[J].化学试剂, 2023, 45(6): 69-77.
自支撑电极电解水制氢应用研究进展
田锦锐1，田浩1，戴佳玮，杨淼森*1，张国新*2
（1. 东北电力大学 化学工程学院，吉林 吉林 132012；2.山东科技大学 储能技术学院，山东 青岛 266590；3.东北电力大学 电气工程学院，吉林 吉林 132012）
摘要：氢能是一种清洁、环保的可再生资源，以其具有较高的燃烧热值和燃烧产物为水等特点而成为取代传统化石燃料的最佳选择，采用绿色清洁的电解水制取氢气成为科研人员关注热点。传统碱性电解水技术中催化剂层多以催化剂浆液滴涂并与粘合剂粘连在电极表面，对三相界面的扩散造成一定的影响，然而，自支撑导电基底可以避免上述问题，活性层与导电基底无缝接触实现了快速的电荷转移，从而提供了高活性电解水催化剂的集成式合成策略。本文从工业级大电流水电解三相反应界面构筑角度出发，归纳了近年来制备自支撑纳米催化材料的研究进展，并探讨了自支撑纳米催化剂在电解水领域的应用，并对未来制备自支撑电解水催化剂的集成化与工业化进行了展望。
关键词：自支撑电极 水分解 三相反应界面构筑 纳米材料 电催化剂
中图分类号：TB34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283(2023)--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0097
Progress of Hydrogen Production Application by Water Electrolysis with Self-supported Electrode TIAN Jin-rui1, TIAN Hao1, YANG Miao-sen*1, ZHANG Guo-xin*2 (1. Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; 2. Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China)
Abstract: Hydrogen energy is a clean, environmentally friendly renewable resource, which is the best choice to replace traditional fossil fuels because of its high calorific value of combustion and combustion products as water, etc. The use of green and clean water electrolysis to produce hydrogen has become a hot topic of interest for researchers. In conventional alkaline water electrolysis technology, the catalyst layer is mostly coated with catalyst ink and adhered to the electrode surface with adhesive, which has certain impact on the diffusion at the three-phase interface. However, the self-supported conductive substrate can avoid the above problems, and the active layer is in seamless contact with the conductive substrate to achieve rapid charge transfer, thus providing an integrated synthesis strategy for highly active water electrolysis catalysts. In this review, we summarize the research progress of preparing self-supported nanocatalytic materials in recent years from the perspective of three-phase reaction interface construction for industrial-grade high-current water electrolysis, and discuss the application of self-supported nanocatalysts in the field of water electrolysis, and provide a prospect on the integration and industrialization of preparing self-supported water electrolysis catalysts in the future.
Key words: self-supported electrode ; water splitting ; three-phase reaction interface construction ; nanomaterials ; electrocatalysts
引用本文：田锦锐，田浩，杨淼森，等. 自支撑电极电解水制氢应用研究进展[J]. 化学试剂，2023, 45（6）：78-87.
【化学品与环境】
拟过氧化物酶活性纳米传感及其在果蔬农残快检中的
应用研究进展
曾雪晴1，陈亨业1，佘远斌2，付海燕*1
（1. 中南民族大学 药学院，湖北 武汉 430074；2. 浙江工业大学 化学工程学院，浙江 杭州 310014）
摘要：农药是广泛用于果蔬病虫害防治及生长调节的化学药剂，但过量或不规范的使用会导致农药残留和环境污染，因此开发灵敏、高效、准确的农残快检方法意义重大。而具有拟过氧化物酶（Pseudoperoxidase，POD）活性的纳米材料因其优异的信号放大效果，已被广泛用于食品安全快速检测，也是目前果蔬农残免仪器快速检测的主要研究方向之一。本文综述了近年来报道的几种POD-NPs的特点和应用；讨论并总结了上述纳米材料的农药检测机制、实际应用策略和未来的发展，旨在为POD-NPs及其在农残快检中的研究提供参考。
关键词：拟过氧化物酶活性；纳米效应；农残快检；比色传感分析；食品安全
中图分类号：TB34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0093
Research Progress of Nanomaterials with Pseudoperoxidase Activity and Applications in the Detection of Pesticides Residues ZENG Xue-qing1, CHEN Heng-ye1, SHE Yuan-bin2, FU Hai-yan*1 (1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-central MinZu university, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang university of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China)
Abstract: Pesticides are widely used in fruit and vegetable pest control and growth regulation, while excessive or non-standard use will lead to pesticide residues and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop sensitive, efficient and accurate detection methods for pesticide residues. Nanomaterials with pseudoperoxidase (POD) activity have been extensively used in the rapid detection of food safety due to their excellent signal amplification effect, which, at present, is one of the main research directions for the rapid detection of agricultural residues in fruits and vegetables. This paper summarizes the characteristics and applications of POD active nanomaterials reported in recent years, and discusses the detection mechanism of pesticide, practical application strategy and future development of these nanomaterials in order to provide reference for POD active nanomaterials and their research in pesticide residue detection.
Key words: pseudoperoxidase activity; nano effect; detection of pesticide residues; colorimetric sensor; food safety
引用本文：曾雪晴，陈亨业，佘远斌，等. 用于生物成像的近红外小分子荧光探针的研究进展[J]. 化学试剂，2023, 45（6）：88-96.
气态汞污染防治及测量技术研究进展
周枫然1，张体强1,2，王德发*1,2
（1. 中国计量科学研究院，北京 100029；2. 国家气体产品质量检验检测中心，北京 100029)
摘要：自《关于汞的水俣公约》实施以来，我国积极推出汞限排减排政策，汞污染治理工作已经取得一定进展，但仍面临较大压力。文中介绍了大气汞污染的危害以及我国大气汞污染的主要来源及污染现状，针对大气汞的主要污染来源燃煤电厂、有色金属冶炼及水泥生产的防治减排措施进行了调研，并总结了几种气态汞检测技术的原理及研究现状，同时指出测量标准及量值溯源对汞污染防治减排工作的重要性，希望能为我国大气汞污染治理工作提供参考。
关键词：气态汞；污染；防治；测量；标准
中图分类号：150.2510 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2022.0712
Technique Review for The Prevention and Control of Mercury Pollution & Determination of Gaseous Mercury ZHOU Feng-Ran1, ZHANG Ti-Qiang1,2, WANG De-fa*1,2 (1. National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; 2. National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Gas Products, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract：Since the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury, several policies to reduce the emissions of mercury had been carried out actively in China. While progress on mercury pollution control is evident, pressure on this issue is still existent. In this paper, the current status of atmospheric mercury pollution was introduced with its main sources and negative effects. Then, based on three main sources of atmospheric mercury pollution (i.e. coal-fired power plants, non-ferrous metal smelting and cement production), the investigation was made for actions which were used for mercury emission reduction. Furtherly, several technologies for gaseous mercury dection were summarized with their principles and research progress, the importance of measurement standards and traceability to support mercury pollution prevention and emission reduction were also listed. It is hoped that these contents will serve as a reference for the further control of atmospheric mercury emissions.
Key words：gaseous mercury; pollution; prevention; measurement; standard
引用本文：周枫然, 张体强, 王德发. 气态汞污染防治及测量技术研究进展[J]. 化学试剂, 2023, 45（6）：97-104.
【分析与测试】
近红外光谱分析中的化学计量学方法进展
陈瀑，戴嘉伟，李敬岩，许育鹏，刘丹，褚小立*
（中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司，北京 100083）
摘要：近些年，现代光谱分析技术得到快速发展，化学计量学方法是这项技术的一个关键特征，它能从光谱中获得尽可能多的有用信息，从而提高分析结果的稳健性和准确性。随着人工智能（机器学习和深度学习）、大数据和云计算等新兴科技的飞速发展，为化学计量学注入了新思路、新途径和新方法。综述了近10年用于近红外光谱分析的各种化学计量学方法新进展，包括光谱预处理方法、波长选择方法、多元定量和定性校正方法、多数据融合方法、以及模型维护和模型传递方法等，并对这些方法的未来发展方向进行展望。从发展趋势可以看出，深度学习、多数据融合和免建模方法是未来一段时间内化学计量学研究的重要方向。
关键词：近红外光谱；化学计量学；深度学习；多光谱融合；模型传递
中图分类号： 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0048
Progress of Chemometric Methods in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy CHEN Pu, DAI Jia-wei, LI Jing-yan, XU Yu-peng, LIU Dan, CHU Xiao-li* ( Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing CO., LTD., Beijing, 100083, China)
Abstract: In recent years, modern spectral analysis technology has been developed rapidly. A key feature of this technology is to use chemometric methods to process spectral data, so as to obtain as much useful information as possible for significantly improving the robustness and accuracy of the analysis results. With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (machine learning and deep learning), big data and cloud computing, new ideas, new ways and new methods have been injected into chemometrics. In this paper, the new progress of various chemometrics methods used in near-infrared spectroscopy analysis, including spectral preprocessing, variable selection, quantitative calibration, qualitative calibration (pattern recognition), multispectral fusion and calibration transfer methods in the past decade was reviewed, and the future development of these methods was prospected as well. It can be seen that deep learning, multi-data fusion and model-free methods are the important research directions of chemometrics in the near infrared spectroscopy analysis in the future.
Key words: near infrared spectroscopy; chemometrics; deep learning; multispectral fusion; calibration transfer
引用本文：陈瀑，戴嘉伟，李敬岩，等. 近红外光谱分析中的化学计量学方法进展[J]. 化学试剂, 2023, 45(6):105-112.
亲水性可切换溶剂在样品前处理与检测技术中的应用研究进展
王豫东1,2，尚宇瀚1，薛宏宇2，马强*1
（1. 中国检验检疫科学研究院，北京 100176；
2. 大连理工大学 生命科学与药学学院，辽宁 盘锦 124221）
摘要：随着绿色化学理念的普及与发展，人们对化学过程产生的环境污染愈发重视。因此，新型绿色溶剂的开发和应用成为当前的研究热点。亲水性可切换溶剂作为一类新型绿色溶剂，由于其相行为独特、制备简单、环境友好，近年来被广泛应用于样品前处理和分析检测技术。介绍了亲水性可切换溶剂的化学组成、理化性质与调控方法，综述了其在样品前处理与检测技术中的应用研究进展，旨在为亲水性可切换溶剂在绿色分析化学领域的进一步开发利用提供理论指导和技术支持。
关键词：亲水性可切换溶剂；绿色分析化学；微萃取；样品前处理；检测技术
中图分类号：O65 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0027
Research Progress in Application of Switchable-Hydrophilicity Solvents in Sample Pretreatment and Detection Technology WANG Yu-dong1,2, SHANG Yu-han1, XUE Hong-yu2, MA Qiang*1 (1. Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; 2. School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China)
Abstract：With the popularization and development of green chemistry concept, people pay more attention to the environmental pollution generated by chemical processes. Therefore, the development and application of new green solvents have become a current research hotspot. As a new class of green solvents, switchable-hydrophilicity solvents have been widely used in sample pretreatment and analytical detection techniques in recent years due to their unique phase behavior, simple preparation and environmental friendliness. In this review, the chemical composition, physicochemical properties and control methods of switchable-hydrophilicity solvents were introduced, and the progress of their application in sample pretreatment and detection techniques were then summarized, all which aiming to provide a theoretical guidance and technical support for the further development and utilization of switchable-hydrophilicity solvents in the field of green analytical chemistry.
Key words：switchable-hydrophilicity solvents; green analytical chemistry; microextraction; sample pretreatment; detection technology
引用本文：王豫东，尚宇瀚，薛宏宇，等. 亲水性可切换溶剂在样品前处理与检测技术中的应用研究进展[J]. 化学试剂，2023，45（6）：113-122.
【标准物质与标准品】
近十年定量核磁共振法应用研究进展
黄挺*a，王静羽b，张伟a，万康妮b
（a. 中国计量科学研究院 化学计量与分析科学研究所，北京 100029；b. 北京化工大学 化学学院，北京 100029）
摘要：介绍了近十年国内外各类定量核磁共振法在各领域的研究进展。定量核磁共振法（qNMR）作为一种选择性强、准确快捷的定量分析方法，广泛应用于有机化合物的纯度定值。核磁共振法主要分为一维谱（1H、13C、19F、31P-NMR）、二维谱、液相色谱-核磁共振联用法（LC-NMR）、固体NMR等类型。其中，1H谱是最常用的定量核磁共振方法，广泛应用于各领域；其他一维谱中的分析物信号通常较少或没有杂质干扰，近年也常用于食品、药学等领域。二维谱和LC-NMR联用技术则可以对复杂样品进行定量分析。固体qNMR针对固体样品前处理简便，但相较于液体qNMR研究较少。
关键词：核磁共振法；定量分析；纯度定值；含量测定；液相色谱-核磁共振法
中图分类号：O482.53 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0090
Research Progress in the Application of Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method in Recent Decade HUANG Ting*a, WANG Jing-yub, ZHANG Weia, WAN Kang-nib (a. National Institute of Metrology; b. Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: The research progress of various types of qNMR methods in various fields in recent decade all over the world was presented. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method as a highly specific, accurate and rapid quantitative analysis method, is widely used for purity determination of organic compounds. NMR methods are mainly classified into one-dimensional spectra (1H, 13C, 19F, 31P-NMR), two-dimensional spectra, liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) coupled techniques, solid-state NMR and other types. Among them, 1H spectra are the most common qNMR methods in various fields. Due to their usually less or without impurity interference for the analyte signals, other one-dimensional spectra are also extensively used in food and pharmacology field except for 1H spectra in recent years. Two-dimensional spectra and LC-NMR coupled techniques, on the other hand, can be used for quantitative analysis of complex samples. Solid qNMR is easy for solid sample pre-treatment, but less studied compared to liquid qNMR.
引用本文：黄挺, 王静羽, 张伟, 等. 近十年定量核磁共振法应用研究进展[J]. 化学试剂, 2023, 45(6):123-130.
【合成与工艺技术】
活性化合物泽兰素的合成研究进展
陈振羽1，王金强1，徐文静1，郭骥1，邹坤1，曹燕来*2，黄年玉*1
（1. 三峡大学 生物与制药学院 天然产物研究与利用湖北省重点实验室 中国轻工业功能酵母重点实验室，湖北 宜昌 443002；2. 湖北广辰药业有限公司，湖北 宜昌 443000）
摘要：泽兰素是来源于泽兰属植物的苯并呋喃活性成分，具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、杀菌、降糖、抗抑郁和抗氧化等多种生物活性，具有进一步开发利用的前景。由于泽兰素的获取主要从泽兰属植物中提取分离，为快速获取泽兰素，目前文献中主要有酰基苯并呋喃衍生化法、水杨醛环化法、烯炔偶联环化法和炔醇偶联环化法等4种方法可用于泽兰素的全合成；在泽兰素的结构衍生方面，主要有泽兰素类似物和多聚体两类活性成分报道。系统综述了近50年来关于泽兰素的生物活性、合成方法和结构修饰的文献研究进展，以期为泽兰素的进一步开发利用提供参考。
关键词：泽兰素；全合成；结构修饰；生物活性；进展
中图分类号：O626.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2023）--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2023.0015
Synthetic Research Progress on the Active Structure of Euparin CHEN Zhen-yu 1, WANG Jin-qiang 1, XU Wen-jing 1, GUO Ji1, ZOU Kun1, CAO Yan-lai *2, HUANG Nian-yu*1 (1. Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002; 2. Hubei Guangchen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, China)
Abstract：Euparin is an active benzofuran component from Eupatorium chinense. Literature research shows that euparin has a variety of biological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, hypoglycemic, antidepressant and antioxidant effects, which has a prospect of further development and utilization. Currently the acquisition of euparin is mainly extracted from Eupatorium plants. In order to quickly obtain abundant euparin for further activity evaluation, there are four methods of total synthesis of euparin, including the derivation reaction of acyl benzofuran, cyclization of salicylaldehyde, coupling cyclization enyne and aryl halide, and coupling cyclization of alkynol. Two kinds of active euparin derivatives (euparin analogues and polymers) were also reported. In this paper, the research progress of biological activity, synthetic methods and structure modification of euparin in the past 50 years is reviewed systematically, in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of euparin.
Key words：euparin; total synthesis; structural modification; biological activity; research progress
引用本文：陈振羽，王金强，徐文静，等. 活性化合物泽兰素的合成研究进展[J]. 化学试剂, 2023, 45(6):131-138.
